lõim

Lõim is the Estonian term for weaving, the textile craft of creating fabric by interlacing yarns on a loom. Traditionally, lõim has been an integral part of Estonian folk art, used to produce garments, household textiles such as towels and table runners, and decorative pieces like wall hangings. The practice encompasses a range of weaving on different looms, from simple frame looms to full-size floor looms. The basic principle involves planning a warp, mounting it on the loom, and interlacing weft threads across the warp to build cloth. Patterns are achieved by selecting colored yarns and controlling the order of threads; this can range from plain weave to more complex structures such as twill or tapestry weaving. Traditional motifs are often geometric and symbolic, reflecting regional identities and folk art.

Materials commonly used in lõim include natural fibers such as linen, wool, and cotton. Historically, color was obtained from natural dyes, producing earthy reds, greens, yellows, and blues; contemporary practitioners may use synthetic dyes as well. The craft is taught in vocational and craft schools and remains a living part of Estonia's textile culture, present in both functional textiles and contemporary art. In modern practice, lõim is pursued by hobbyists, designers, and artists who explore traditional techniques while incorporating new materials and patterns.