külmahood

Külmahood, meaning "cold snaps" in Estonian, refers to periods of unseasonably cold weather that occur during the spring or autumn in Estonia. These events are characterized by a sharp drop in temperature, often accompanied by frost, snow, or icy conditions, even after warmer weather has seemingly established itself. Külmahood are a common phenomenon in Estonia's temperate continental climate, where significant temperature fluctuations are typical between seasons.

The timing and severity of külmahood can vary from year to year. They most commonly occur in April and May as spring progresses, and again in September and October as autumn sets in. During these cold snaps, temperatures can fall below freezing, potentially damaging early-blooming plants and crops. Farmers and gardeners in Estonia pay close attention to weather forecasts to prepare for and mitigate the effects of külmahood. These sudden drops in temperature can also impact daily life, requiring a return to warmer clothing and affecting outdoor activities. While generally brief, lasting from a few days to a week, külmahood are a notable aspect of Estonia's transitional seasons.