közpolitika

közpolitika (public policy) refers to deliberate decisions by government and other public actors to address public problems and allocate resources. It encompasses the entire policy cycle: agenda setting, formulation, decision making, implementation, and evaluation. It operates at national, regional, and local levels, through ministries, agencies, municipalities, parliaments, courts, and channels of public participation.

Policy goals cover welfare, economy, education, health, environment, security, and culture; instrument choices include regulation, taxation, subsidies, public service delivery, procurement, and public-private partnerships. The field intersects with political science, economics, law, sociology, and public administration. Policy analysis uses tools such as cost-benefit analysis, impact assessment, and performance monitoring.

Key actors include elected representatives, government ministries, local authorities, civil society, and interest groups. Transparency, accountability, and evidence-based policymaking are common aspirations; mechanisms include public consultation, evaluations, and parliamentary oversight.

In the context of European integration, national közpolitikák are shaped by EU legislation and funding programs, influencing budget processes, policy reform, and cross-border cooperation. Ongoing debates concern evidence-based policymaking, equity, efficiency, and democratic legitimacy.