kärsitty

Kärsitty is a Finnish word that functions as the past passive participle of the verb kärsiä (to suffer). It denotes something that has already experienced suffering or endured hardship. Grammatically, kärsitty is formed from the verb stem kärsi- with the -tty suffix that marks the past passive participle. In Finnish, past passive participles typically serve as adjectives or predicative complements and can be declined for number and case when used with nouns.

Usage: Kärsitty is used to describe experiences or conditions that have already occurred and that involve suffering. It appears in passive constructions and can modify nouns in predicative positions, often carrying a negative or somber nuance. As a participle, it behaves like an adjective and participates in Finnish inflection in contexts where a non-finite verb form is required.

Etymology: derived from kärsiä, following the common Finnish pattern for forming past passive participles with the -tty suffix, which yields similar forms such as tehty (made) and kirjoitettu (written).

Context: In historical, biographical, or literary writing, kärsitty commonly describes hardships, losses, or traumas experienced by individuals or communities. The term emphasizes the experience of suffering rather than the act of causing it.

See also: Finnish grammar; kärsiä; past participles.

References: standard Finnish grammar references.