kwantumelectronica

Kwantumelectronica is a field of electronics that studies and exploits quantum mechanical effects in electronic devices and circuits. It focuses on systems in which charge transport, energy quantization, and quantum coherence determine device behavior, typically at nanometer scales and often at low temperatures. Common devices include tunnel diodes and transistors that operate via quantum tunneling, quantum dots and single-electron transistors that exhibit Coulomb blockade, and superconducting circuits that host qubits, such as transmon and flux qubits built from Josephson junctions. Theoretical descriptions combine quantum mechanics with mesoscopic transport formalisms, including Landauer-Büttiker theory, to capture phenomena such as tunneling, interference, phase coherence, and entanglement.

Applications span quantum information processing, where qubits are manipulated to perform computations, and quantum sensing and metrology, which achieve high sensitivity to magnetic fields, charges, or other perturbations. Some devices also have potential in secure communications and improved measurement standards. The field relies on cryogenic operation, advanced nanofabrication, and materials engineering, using superconductors, semiconductors, and two-dimensional materials to realize robust quantum elements.

Current research seeks more scalable qubit architectures, longer coherence times, higher gate fidelities, and hybrid systems that combine different quantum platforms or leverage topological protection to reduce error rates.