kuivsilma

Kuivsilma, the Finnish term for dry eye, describes a common ocular condition in which the tear film is insufficient or unstable, leading to irritation of the ocular surface. The resulting symptoms can include a gritty or burning sensation, intermittent blurred vision, light sensitivity, redness, and a feeling of dryness that worsens with screen use or in dry environments.

Causes and risk factors are diverse. Dry eye may result from reduced tear production by the lacrimal glands, increased tear evaporation due to Meibomian gland dysfunction, or inflammatory processes affecting the ocular surface. Risk factors include aging, female gender, hormonal changes, autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren syndrome, certain medications (for example antihistamines and antidepressants), contact lens wear, and environmental conditions like dry air or wind.

Two main subtypes are commonly described. Aqueous-deficient dry eye involves decreased tear production, while evaporative dry eye is driven by tear film instability often linked to Meibomian gland dysfunction. Diagnosis typically involves a clinical examination with tools such as tear breakup time tests, dye staining, Schirmer testing, and patient-reported symptom assessment.

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and restore tear film stability. It often starts with artificial tears and lubricating ointments, environmental and lifestyle adjustments, and lid hygiene or warm compresses for Meibomian gland issues. More advanced options include prescription anti-inflammatory eye drops (such as cyclosporine or lifitegrast) and punctal plugs to conserve tears. In some cases dietary adjustments or omega-3 supplements are considered, though evidence varies.

Kuivsilma is usually a chronic condition but is often well managed with a combination of self-care, over‑the‑counter products, and targeted therapies. See also tear film, lacrimal glands, and Meibomian glands.