kudosnäytteen

Kudosnäyte, or kudosnäyte in Finnish, refers to a tissue sample collected from a living or deceased organism for diagnostic, research, or educational purposes. It is a central material in pathology and histology, used to study tissue structure, cellular details, and molecular characteristics.

Kudosnäytteen ottaminen can occur through various procedures. Common methods include incisional or excisional biopsy, where part or all of a lesion is removed; needle biopsies such as fine-needle aspiration or core needle biopsy; and endoscopic or surgical biopsies. Autopsy specimens are also considered kudosnäytte for postmortem investigation. The choice of method depends on the suspected condition, location, and the need to preserve tissue architecture.

After collection, kudosnäytteet are handled and processed to preserve cellular detail. Standard processing involves fixation (often in 10% neutral-buffered formalin), embedding in paraffin, and sectioning for microscopic examination. The primary stain is hematoxylin and eosin, but additional techniques may be used, including immunohistochemistry, special stains, and molecular tests (PCR, sequencing, FISH). In some cases, fresh or frozen tissue is used for nucleic acid or protein analyses, particularly in research or targeted testing.

Interpretation of kudosnäytteen findings is typically performed by a pathologist, who assesses sample adequacy, tissue type, and diagnostic features. Results may include a diagnosis, tumor grading and staging, or information about molecular markers that guide treatment. Proper labeling, handling, and documentation are essential to maintain sample integrity, patient privacy, and traceability throughout the analytic process.