kubikepiteeli

Kubikepiteeli, or cuboidal epithelium, is a type of epithelial tissue composed of cube-shaped cells with roughly equal height and width. The cells typically form a single layer in simple cuboidal epithelium, though stratified cuboidal epithelium contains two or more layers. The apical surface may bear microvilli in absorptive regions or, in some ducts, retain cilia. All cells sit on a basement membrane and have central, round nuclei.

Two main forms are recognized. Simple cuboidal epithelium lines spaces such as kidney tubules and certain gland ducts, where it often participates in secretion and absorption. Stratified cuboidal epithelium is less common and found in larger ducts of glands and some portions of the male reproductive tract, providing additional protection.

Common locations include the lining of kidney tubules (proximal and distal), small ducts of exocrine glands (such as pancreatic and hepatic bile ducts, salivary glands), and some glandular structures. It also lines the thyroid follicles (follicular epithelium) and the ovarian surface epithelium. In other regions, cuboidal epithelium is less prevalent, with other epithelial types predominating.

Functions of kubikepiteeli primarily involve secretion and selective absorption. Simple cuboidal epithelia are efficient at transporting ions, molecules, and fluids, and they contribute to glandular secretion. Stratified cuboidal epithelia provide a protective layer in ductal systems.

In histology, cuboidal cells are identifiable by their roughly square shape and centrally located nuclei, arranged on a basement membrane. The presence of microvilli supports absorptive roles, while cilia indicate fluid movement in specific ducts.