kransæðasjúkdómar

Kransæðasjúkdómar, also known as coronary artery disease, refers to a group of conditions that affect the heart's arteries. The most common form is atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries, narrowing them and restricting blood flow to the heart muscle. This reduced blood flow can lead to chest pain, known as angina, or a heart attack, medically termed myocardial infarction, if the blockage is severe and sudden.

Risk factors for developing kransæðasjúkdómar include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and a family history of heart disease. Age also plays a role, with the risk increasing as people get older.

Symptoms can vary widely. Some individuals may experience no symptoms, while others might have chest pain or discomfort that can radiate to the arm, jaw, neck, or back. Shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations can also occur. However, a heart attack is a medical emergency and may present with sudden, severe chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, and dizziness.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, electrocardiogram (ECG), blood tests, and imaging techniques such as an echocardiogram or coronary angiography. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent further progression of the disease, and reduce the risk of heart attack. This can include lifestyle modifications like dietary changes and exercise, medications to control blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood clots, and in some cases, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery. Early detection and management are crucial for improving outcomes.