koudnetwerk

Koudnetwerk is a term used in Dutch information security to describe a network architecture characterized by isolation from untrusted networks. The concept is not standardized and its exact meaning varies by organization, but it generally refers to networks that operate with minimal exposure to external connectivity, or that require controlled bridges to transfer data.

Typical design priorities include physical and logical segmentation, strict access controls, and defined data transfer procedures. Assets in a koudnetwerk may run offline or connect only through vetted gateways or removable media. Management and production networks are often separated, with separate credentials and monitoring.

Common use cases are critical infrastructure, industrial control systems, government facilities, and environments handling highly sensitive data. While isolation reduces exposure to external threats, it creates operational challenges such as software updates, incident response, and maintenance that rely on special workflows.

Data transfers into or out of a koudnetwerk are tightly regulated, using authorized transfer stations, encrypted media, and strict sanitization. Security practices emphasize least privilege, multi-factor authentication, and comprehensive auditing.

The term stems from Dutch security literature and reflects broader security strategies that favor isolation to protect high-value assets. It aligns with related concepts such as air-gapped networks and network segmentation.

Related concepts include air gaps, air-gapped networks, and network segmentation.