konventional

Konventional is a term used in some languages as an adaptation of the English word conventional. It functions as an adjective describing things that conform to established conventions, norms, or standard practices within a given context. The sense ranges from everyday behavior to formal rules, and it is often used to contrast with non-conventional or unconventional approaches.

Etymology and usage of konventional vary by language. In Indonesian and Malay, the more common form is konvensional, while konventional may appear as a spelling variant or direct loan from English in translated texts, technical discourse, or bilingual writing. Because of these sources, konventional is typically encountered in specialized or formal contexts rather than in casual speech.

Contexts and applications. In sociology and cultural studies, konventional norms refer to socially accepted patterns of conduct that are widely internalized within a community. In design, architecture, and engineering, konventional methods employ standard materials, processes, and equipment, in contrast to non-konventional or avant-garde approaches. In energy or defense policy, konventional (or conventional) technologies are those based on established, widely deployed systems, as opposed to non-konventional or unconventional options.

Examples. A conventional classroom uses standard seating and pedagogy; konventional marketing relies on traditional media channels, whereas non-konventional approaches emphasize experimental or niche strategies. Konventional energy sources include oil, coal, and natural gas in contrast to renewable or unconventional sources. Related terms include conventional, conventionalism, and conventionality, which operate across similar domains but with different linguistic or disciplinary emphases.