kontaktiihottuman

Kontaktiihottuma, also known as contact dermatitis, is an inflammatory skin reaction caused by direct contact with certain substances. It is a common skin condition that can affect people of all ages. There are two main types of contact dermatitis: irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.

Irritant contact dermatitis is the more common type and occurs when a substance damages the skin's outer layer. This can happen after a single exposure to a strong irritant or repeated exposure to milder irritants. Common irritants include soaps, detergents, cleaning products, solvents, and even prolonged exposure to water. Symptoms typically appear at the site of contact and can include redness, dryness, itching, and sometimes blistering or cracking.

Allergic contact dermatitis is an immune system response to an allergen. When the skin comes into contact with a substance that the immune system identifies as harmful, it triggers an allergic reaction. This reaction may not appear immediately and can develop hours or even days after exposure. Common allergens include poison ivy, nickel (found in jewelry and some metals), fragrances, preservatives in cosmetics and lotions, and certain medications. The rash can spread beyond the initial contact area and is characterized by intense itching, redness, swelling, and blistering.

Diagnosis of contact dermatitis is usually made through a physical examination and a detailed history of exposures. In some cases, patch testing may be performed to identify the specific allergen responsible for allergic contact dermatitis.

Treatment for contact dermatitis involves identifying and avoiding the offending substance. For irritant contact dermatitis, reducing exposure to irritants and using protective measures like gloves can be effective. For allergic contact dermatitis, strict avoidance of the allergen is crucial. Topical corticosteroids are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching. In severe cases, oral corticosteroids may be necessary. Proper skin care, including moisturizing dry or cracked skin, is also important.