Kontaktiihottuma

Kontaktiihottuma, also known as contact dermatitis, is a skin inflammation caused by direct contact with a substance. It is an immune system response to an irritant or allergen. There are two main types: irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.

Irritant contact dermatitis is the more common form and occurs when a substance directly damages the skin. This can happen from a single exposure to a strong irritant or repeated exposure to milder irritants. Common culprits include soaps, detergents, solvents, and certain chemicals. Symptoms can appear quickly and include redness, dryness, itching, and burning.

Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed reaction that occurs when the immune system overreacts to a specific allergen. This means a person has become sensitized to a substance after previous exposure. Upon re-exposure, the immune system triggers an inflammatory response. Common allergens include poison ivy, nickel, fragrances, cosmetics, and latex. Symptoms can include intense itching, redness, swelling, blisters, and weeping.

Diagnosis is usually based on the patient's history, physical examination, and sometimes patch testing to identify the specific allergen. Treatment focuses on avoiding the offending substance. For irritant contact dermatitis, this involves using protective measures like gloves and moisturizing the skin. For allergic contact dermatitis, strict avoidance of the allergen is crucial. Topical corticosteroids can help manage the inflammation and itching. In severe cases, oral corticosteroids may be prescribed. Prevention involves identifying and avoiding known irritants and allergens.