kongnitiivista

Kongnitiivista refers to the cognitive approach in psychology and neuroscience that focuses on understanding how mental processes influence behavior. The term originates from the Latin *cognoscere*, meaning "to know," and emphasizes the study of internal mental activities such as attention, memory, perception, problem-solving, and language. This perspective gained prominence in the mid-20th century as an alternative to behaviorism, which primarily examined observable actions rather than underlying cognitive mechanisms.

Key figures in the development of cognitive psychology include Ulric Neisser, who published the foundational text *Cognitive Psychology* in 1967, and researchers like George Miller, whose work on short-term memory capacity (e.g., the "magical number seven") highlighted the limits of human information processing. The field integrates insights from psychology, linguistics, computer science, and neuroscience to model how information is acquired, stored, and retrieved.

Cognitive theories often employ computational models, drawing parallels between the human mind and information-processing systems. For example, the *dual-process theory* distinguishes between fast, automatic thinking (System 1) and slower, deliberate reasoning (System 2), explaining how judgments and decisions are made. Another influential framework is *schema theory*, which describes how mental structures organize knowledge and guide behavior.

Applications of cognitive science span diverse fields, including education (e.g., cognitive load theory), clinical psychology (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy), and human-computer interaction. Advances in neuroimaging, such as fMRI and EEG, have further illuminated the neural correlates of cognition, bridging gaps between abstract models and biological reality. While the term "kongnitiivista" is not widely recognized in English, it likely stems from a language where "cognitive" is adapted phonetically, reflecting the broader global interest in cognitive processes.