konfirmatsioon

Konfirmatsioon is a rite of passage in many Christian traditions, marking a baptized person’s mature affirmation of faith and admission to full membership in the church. In Lutheran, Anglican, and other Protestant churches, konfirmatsioon is commonly understood as a non-sacramental rite of confirmation, while in Catholicism and some Anglican communities it is a sacrament administered by a bishop or priest after baptism.

Historically, confirmation developed in the Middle Ages as a separate step following baptism, intended to educate young believers and integrate them into the parish community. In Protestant contexts, the emphasis often lies on catechesis and a personal profession of faith rather than on a sacramental act.

Practice and age vary by country and denomination. In many Nordic and Baltic countries, konfirmatsioon is celebrated during adolescence, typically between ages 12 and 16. The process usually involves a period of instruction (konfirmatsioonikool) covering Bible, doctrine, worship, and Christian living. The service includes prayers, a profession of faith or reaffirmation of baptismal promises, and often the involvement of sponsors or godparents. After confirmation, participants are usually encouraged to participate more fully in the Eucharist and church life.

Cultural role and variation: Konfirmatsioon can function as both a religious milestone and a cultural ceremony. Participation is voluntary in some contexts but strongly encouraged, while in others it remains an important prerequisite for certain church rites, membership, or eligibility to take part in community activities.