kohaku

Kohaku is a traditional Japanese koi variety characterized by a white body with red markings (hi). The name Kohaku translates to red and white in Japanese. It is one of the oldest and most iconic Nishikigoi varieties and is a member of the Gosanke, alongside Taisho Sanke and Showa Sanshoku.

Origin and description: Kohaku were developed in Japan, with early references dating to the late Edo and early Meiji periods. The pattern has since become a staple in koi keeping, and Kohaku are widely bred and exhibited around the world. The ideal Kohaku features a clean, bright white base (shiroji) with vivid red patches that are sharply defined and well bordered. The red should appear saturated and evenly distributed, with minimal bleeding into the white. Patterns vary, but symmetry and balance across the body are highly valued in evaluation.

Quality and judging: In shows, Kohaku are assessed on shiroji purity, hi saturation and clarity, pattern balance, and the sharpness of red borders. The white should remain pristine and free of black or yellowing, and the red should not obscure key areas of the body or appear asymmetrical. A well-proportioned Kohaku often exhibits a harmonious distribution of red across both sides.

Care and maintenance: Kohaku require stable water quality, adequate filtration, and appropriate nutrition. Proper lighting and shading help preserve red coloration, which can fade under poor conditions or excessive sun exposure. Regular water maintenance, temperature control, and safe housing are important for long-term health and color retention.

Variations and related varieties: Kohaku serves as the foundational pattern for related varieties that introduce additional colors, such as Sanke (red, white, black) and Showa Sanshoku (black, red, white). See also Nishikigoi.