kiusamise

Kiusamise is an Estonian term referring to harassment or bullying, defined as repeated, intentional behavior directed at a person or group that causes distress, fear, or humiliation. It encompasses a range of actions, from verbal abuse and social exclusion to threats, intimidation, and coercion. With the growth of digital communication, kiusamise also includes online or cyberbullying, such as spreading rumors or posting harmful content about someone.

Kiusamise can occur in various environments, including schools, workplaces, and online communities. It may involve individuals, groups, or institutional dynamics where power is unevenly distributed. Forms of kiusamise can be overt, like insults or physical intimidation, or more covert, such as social manipulation, silent treatment, or surveillance. The consequences for victims can include anxiety, depression, lowered self-esteem, academic or work-related difficulties, and impaired social functioning.

Responses to kiusamise involve a combination of prevention, intervention, and support. Institutions such as schools and employers implement anti-bullying policies, reporting channels, and education on respectful behavior. Bystander intervention, confidential reporting, and access to counseling or support services are common components of comprehensive responses. Legal and regulatory frameworks in many jurisdictions regulate harassment, with kiusamise potentially falling under criminal, civil, or administrative provisions, particularly in cases of threats, coercion, or cyberharassment. Digital platforms also offer moderation tools and terms of service aimed at reducing online kiusamise.

Prevention focuses on fostering inclusive cultures, teaching conflict resolution and digital literacy, and promoting responsibility among peers, staff, and leaders to create safer environments. See also: bullying, harassment, cyberbullying.