kirpan

The Kirpan is a ceremonial sword or dagger carried by baptized Sikhs as one of the five articles of faith known as the Panj Kakkaar (Panj Kakke). The term kirpan comes from Punjabi and means dagger or sword. It symbolizes a Sikh's duty to defend the weak, uphold justice, and oppose oppression. It is worn by initiated Sikhs who have undergone the Amrit Sanskar and accepted the Sikh code of conduct, though many families maintain kirpans for household or ceremonial use.

Design and form: Kirpans vary in size and style. They typically have a metal blade housed in a sheath and are worn on the person, often attached to a belt or strapped under clothing. The blade can be short or longer, and may be plain or decorated; hilts and sheaths are commonly metal or wood, sometimes ornate to reflect tradition.

Use and symbolism: The kirpan is not intended for everyday aggression; it serves as a reminder of the obligation to righteousness and as a symbol of protection for the vulnerable. In religious contexts, it accompanies prayers and rituals in the gurdwara and within the Sikh home.

Legal and cultural context: Regulations governing kirpan carry vary by country and institution. In many places it is allowed when worn in a sheathed, non-threatening condition, but schools, airports, and certain venues may impose restrictions or require the kirpan to be sheathed and of limited size.

History: The kirpan became a formal article of faith with the founding of the Khalsa in 1699 by Guru Gobind Singh, though its symbolic presence predates formal designation. It remains a central sign of Sikh identity and a symbol of duty, courage, and justice within Sikh practice.