kirche

Kirche is a German word that denotes both the Christian church as a community and the buildings used for worship. As a community, it refers to the body of believers organized for worship, teaching, and service; as a building, it is a place for liturgy and rites. Etymology: from Latin ecclesia "assembly, church" via Old High German kirîha.

Historically, the church has organized communities, developed doctrine, and established liturgy. The major milestones include the early Christian church, the Great Schism of 1054 between Western (Roman Catholic) and Eastern Orthodox churches, and the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, which led to the emergence of Protestant denominations and reforms in governance and worship. Ecumenical movements in the 20th century sought reconciliation and shared mission.

Church buildings commonly feature a nave, chancel or sanctuary, altar, baptismal font, pulpit or lectern, organ, and sometimes a tower or steeple. Interiors vary by tradition, with Catholic churches often rich in ornament and sacraments, while Protestant churches emphasize the sermon and congregational participation.

In German-speaking regions, the two largest church bodies are the Catholic Church and the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD); other communities include Orthodox, free churches, and other denominations. The church performs worship services and administers sacraments, education, charitable activities, and social services. In many countries church-state relationships include legal status, taxation, and public funding for religious communities.