kiertomagneettisuuden

Kiertomagneettisuus, also known as magnetic circuit, refers to the concept of a closed loop or path through which magnetic flux flows. Similar to an electrical circuit where electric current flows through a conductor, magnetic flux travels through a magnetic material. This concept is a fundamental tool for analyzing and designing magnetic devices like transformers, motors, and inductors.

The key principle behind a magnetic circuit is Ampere's law, which relates the magnetomotive force (MMF) to the magnetic flux and the reluctance of the magnetic path. MMF is the driving force in a magnetic circuit, analogous to voltage in an electrical circuit, and is typically generated by a coil carrying an electric current. Reluctance is the opposition to the flow of magnetic flux, comparable to resistance in an electrical circuit. Materials with high permeability, such as iron, have low reluctance, allowing magnetic flux to pass through them easily. Conversely, materials with low permeability, like air, have high reluctance.

Magnetic flux lines always form closed loops. In a simple magnetic circuit, this loop might be a toroid or a ring made of ferromagnetic material. If an air gap is introduced into the magnetic circuit, the flux lines will spread out, a phenomenon known as fringing. This fringing effect increases the effective area of the air gap, reducing the reluctance of the gap and affecting the overall magnetic field. Understanding and calculating these parameters allows engineers to predict the magnetic behavior of a system and optimize its performance.