kharma

Kharma, often spelled karma, is a foundational concept in several Indian religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. It refers to the principle of cause and effect, where an individual's actions, both intentional and unintentional, create a chain of consequences that influence their present and future experiences. This principle suggests that good deeds lead to positive outcomes, while negative deeds result in suffering or unfavorable circumstances.

The concept of kharma is intricately linked with the idea of reincarnation or rebirth. It is believed that the accumulated kharma from one's past lives affects the nature of their current existence and will shape their future rebirths. This cycle of action and consequence continues until a state of liberation or enlightenment is achieved.

In Buddhism, kharma is understood as volitional action, emphasizing the intention behind an act. While the consequences may not always be immediate, they are seen as an inevitable outcome. Jainism places a strong emphasis on the physical accumulation of kharma, believing that actions create subtle karmic particles that adhere to the soul, hindering its purity and leading to bondage.

Hinduism views kharma as a universal law that governs all existence, influencing destiny and the cycle of samsara (birth, death, and rebirth). Sikhism incorporates the concept of kharma but also emphasizes divine grace as a means to overcome its effects. Across these traditions, the understanding of kharma encourages ethical behavior and personal responsibility for one's life.