khard

khard refers to a type of hardened or cured leather, often derived from goat or sheepskin. This material is traditionally used in various applications, particularly for the covers of books and scrolls. The process of creating khard typically involves tanning and then stretching the leather tightly, sometimes over a wooden frame, to achieve a firm and durable surface. This stretching process removes excess moisture and compacts the fibers, resulting in a material that is resistant to wear and tear.

Historically, khard was valued for its ability to protect valuable manuscripts and documents from damage. Its smooth, hard surface also lent itself well to decorative techniques such as tooling, gilding, and inlaying, making it a popular choice for elaborately bound books. The specific methods and treatments used to produce khard could vary regionally, leading to subtle differences in its texture and appearance. While less common in modern bookbinding due to the availability of other materials, khard remains a traditional material associated with historical book arts and conservation. It is also sometimes used in the creation of small decorative objects or as a component in certain historical craftwork.