keynesianska

Keynesianska, also known as Keynesian or Keynesian economics, is a macroeconomic theory derived from the ideas of British economist John Maynard Keynes. It emphasizes the importance of total spending (aggregate demand) in influencing economic output and employment levels. Keynesianska gained prominence during the Great Depression of the 1930s, advocating for active government intervention to stabilize economic cycles.

According to Keynesianska principles, economic downturns occur when there is insufficient aggregate demand to sustain full employment. In such situations, private sector demand tends to decline, leading to unemployment and unused capacity. Keynesianska proponents argue that governments should respond by increasing public spending, lowering taxes, or implementing monetary policy measures to stimulate demand and promote economic recovery.

The theory contrasts with classical economics, which advocates for minimal government interference and relies on market forces to achieve equilibrium. Keynesianska supports the idea that government policies can smooth out economic fluctuations and prevent prolonged recessions or inflations.

In practice, Keynesianska influenced policy making during the mid-20th century, especially through the adoption of Keynesian economic policies in many Western countries. These included demand management, fiscal stimulus, and Keynesian multiplier effects. However, it has also faced criticism, particularly during periods of stagflation in the 1970s, when conflicts between inflation and unemployment challenged Keynesian prescriptions.

Today, Keynesianska remains a foundational component of macroeconomic theory and policy debates, often advocating for active fiscal and monetary policies to maintain economic stability and growth. Its principles continue to inform economic responses to crises and recessionary pressures worldwide.