keuhkoembolien

Keuhkoembolia, also known as pulmonary embolism (PE), is a medical condition where a blood clot, typically from the legs, travels to the lungs and blocks one of the pulmonary arteries. This blockage can reduce oxygen supply to the body and damage the lungs and other organs.

The most common cause of keuhkoembolia is deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, usually in the legs. Other risk factors include prolonged immobility, surgery, certain medical conditions like cancer, pregnancy, and the use of estrogen-containing medications.

Symptoms of keuhkoembolia can vary and may include sudden shortness of breath, chest pain that often worsens with deep breaths, coughing (sometimes with blood), rapid heart rate, and lightheadedness or dizziness. In severe cases, it can lead to fainting or even be life-threatening.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as a CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) or a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan. Blood tests, including a D-dimer test, may also be used.

Treatment for keuhkoembolia aims to dissolve or break up the clot and prevent new ones from forming. This often involves anticoagulant medications (blood thinners) to prevent further clotting. In some cases, thrombolytic therapy (clot-busting drugs) or surgical removal of the clot may be necessary. Prevention strategies include early mobilization after surgery, wearing compression stockings, and sometimes prophylactic anticoagulation in high-risk individuals.