keratinised

Keratinised refers to a state or process in which the keratin protein has undergone a process of hardening and density increase. Keratin is a type of fibrous protein that is a fundamental component of skin, hair, and nails in humans and many other animals.

Keratinisation is a process in which keratin is embedded in a hardened matrix of dead cells, resulting in a hardened layer of skin cells known as the stratum corneum in humans. This is a natural process that is essential for the protection of the skin and other tissues. In hair and nails, the keratinisation process is responsible for the strength and resilience of these structures.

In a keratinised state, the keratin protein is transformed into a more compact and rigid form, which provides increased protection against mechanical stress, UV radiation, and other environmental factors. Keratinisation also plays a crucial role in many biological and pathological processes, such as wound healing, skin cancer, and psoriasis.

Abnormal keratinisation can lead to various skin and hair disorders, such as hyperkeratosis, ichthyosis, and alopecia. In these conditions, the keratinisation process is disrupted, resulting in an abnormal accumulation of dead skin cells or a failure to form functional skin and hair structures. Despite this, the keratinisation process remains a vital and essential part of normal body function in humans and many other animals.

Research on keratinisation is ongoing in various fields, including dermatology, biology, and biotechnology, where scientists are investigating the structure, function, and potential applications of keratinised tissues and proteins.