keirei

Keirei, written with the characters 敬礼, is a Japanese term meaning a formal salute or a bow performed to show respect. The first character 敬 denotes respect and consideration, while 礼 refers to ritual courtesy or a bow. The concept encompasses both a physical gesture and the social intention of honoring another person, an institution, or a ceremony.

In civilian etiquette, keirei is a formal bow used when meeting someone of higher status, in official occasions, or during ceremonies and apologies. The bow is performed by bending at the waist from the upper body, with the depth and duration signaling the level of formality. A shallow bow is common in casual situations or brief greetings, while a deeper bow indicates greater formality or contrition.

In martial arts and sports, keirei is practiced as a bow before and after training or competition, toward instructors, peers, and opponents. The gesture embodies respect for the training, the participants, and the rules of the discipline, and it helps establish a courteous atmosphere regardless of rank or outcome.

In military or uniformed services, keirei refers to a formal salute to a superior, to the flag, or to the institution. The salute may involve a bow or a raised-hand gesture, with the exact form varying by service branch and tradition, but always performed with discipline and attentiveness.

Keirei is one element of Japan’s broader etiquette of respect and social formality. It is related to other terms such as aisatsu (greeting) and rei (bow or courtesy) but denotes a distinct, typically physical gesture.