kegelapan

Kegelapan is an Indonesian term referring to the condition of low or absent light. It describes situations when visible light is scarce, such as night time, overcast conditions, or when an object blocks light. It is not a material substance but a relative condition defined by the observer's environment and light levels.

In physical terms, darkness arises from the absence or insufficient quantity of photons reaching the eye. The experience of darkness depends on the observer, distance from light sources, and atmospheric conditions. Light levels are measured in lux; complete darkness is often described as very low lux values, while civil, nautical, and astronomical twilight mark transitional levels of light.

Human vision adapts to darkness through rod cells and changes in pupil size, affecting contrast sensitivity and color perception. Prolonged darkness can influence circadian rhythms and melatonin production, affecting sleep patterns and alertness.

Culturally, kegelapan is commonly used as a metaphor for ignorance, danger, or mystery, frequently contrasted with cahaya (light). In literature, folklore, and religious contexts, it can symbolize adversity or the unknown, as well as purification and introspection in some traditions.

Environmental factors such as light pollution, urban development, and cloudy weather influence the degree of darkness experienced in populated areas. Conversely, caves, deep forests, or moonless nights provide more pronounced darkness.