kapasitativ

Kapasitativ is an adjective used in Scandinavian languages to describe phenomena, components or methods related to capacitance, the ability of a system to store electric charge in an electric field. The term is commonly applied in physics, electronics and engineering to distinguish behavior that arises from capacitive effects from inductive or resistive ones.

In physics and electronics, capacitance is a property that measures how much charge a device can store per unit voltage. The basic relation is C = Q/V, where C is capacitance, Q is charge and V is voltage. The unit of capacitance is the farad (F). For simple geometries such as a parallel-plate capacitor, C can be expressed as C = ε0 εr A / d, where ε0 is the vacuum permittivity, εr the relative dielectric constant, A the plate area, and d the separation distance. Capacitance depends on geometry and the dielectric material between conductors, and it determines how current responds to alternating voltage through the impedance Z = 1/(jωC) for an ideal capacitor.

Kapasitativ is widely used in applications such as capacitive sensors and capacitive touch interfaces, where changes in nearby dielectric properties (for example, a finger approaching an electrode) alter the measured capacitance. These concepts also underlie technologies like capacitive coupling, timing circuits, and certain forms of energy harvesting or power transfer.

In practice, capacitance is measured with instruments like LCR meters or impedance analyzers, and designs must account for parasitic capacitances, environmental factors, and frequency dependence to ensure reliable operation.