kanjuro

Kanjuro is a traditional Japanese musical instrument that belongs to the family of bowed zithers. It is a rare and historically significant instrument, primarily associated with the court music of the Heian period (794–1185) and later used in the *gagaku* ensemble, Japan’s oldest surviving musical tradition. The name *kanjuro* is derived from the combination of *kan* (管, meaning "pipe" or "flute") and *juro* (弦路, meaning "string path"), reflecting its hybrid nature between wind and string instruments.

The kanjuro is a large, fretless instrument with a rectangular body made of wood, typically paulownia or cypress. It features a long, curved neck with movable bridges that adjust the pitch of the strings. The instrument typically has between 12 and 14 strings, which are plucked or bowed with a horsehair bow. Unlike modern bowed zithers, the kanjuro is played in a seated position, with the player holding the instrument vertically and using a technique that combines bowing with light plucking to produce a resonant, melodic sound.

The kanjuro was particularly favored in imperial court performances, where it was paired with other *gagaku* instruments like the *hichiriki* (a double-reed flute) and the *shakuhachi* (a bamboo flute). Its distinctive timbre and expressive capabilities made it a key component in ceremonial and ritual music, often accompanying vocal recitations or instrumental solos. Over time, the kanjuro fell out of common use, though it remains a subject of study and occasional revival in traditional music circles.

Today, the kanjuro is primarily preserved through historical records and occasional performances by specialists in *gagaku*. Its construction and playing techniques are complex, requiring precise craftsmanship and advanced musical skill. While not as widely known as other Japanese instruments like the *koto* or *shamisen*, the kanjuro holds cultural importance as a testament to Japan’s ancient musical heritage.