järnöverskottssjukdomar

järnöverskotts, translating to "iron surplus" in English, refers to a state where there is an excessive amount of iron within an organism. This condition can arise from various factors, including genetic predispositions, increased iron absorption, or frequent blood transfusions. The body typically regulates iron levels through a complex system involving absorption in the gut and storage in tissues. When this regulation falters, iron can accumulate beyond the body's capacity to safely store it.

The consequences of iron overload can be significant, as excess iron can act as a pro-oxidant, leading to cellular damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species. This oxidative stress can damage organs such as the liver, heart, pancreas, and joints. Symptoms of iron overload can be diverse and may include fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, liver dysfunction, and heart problems. In severe cases, it can lead to organ failure.

Diagnosis of iron overload typically involves blood tests to measure iron levels, ferritin (a protein that stores iron), and transferrin saturation. Genetic testing may also be employed to identify specific inherited conditions like hemochromatosis, a common cause of iron overload. Treatment strategies aim to reduce the excess iron in the body. Phlebotomy, the regular removal of blood, is a primary method for reducing iron stores. Iron chelating agents, medications that bind to iron and facilitate its excretion, can also be used, particularly in individuals who cannot tolerate phlebotomy. Managing underlying causes and preventing further iron accumulation are crucial components of long-term care.