itsetunnistuksen

Itsetunnistus, often translated as self-recognition or self-awareness, is a cognitive ability that allows an organism to identify itself as distinct from others and its environment. This capacity is crucial for developing a sense of self and plays a significant role in social interactions, learning, and problem-solving.

The most common test for itsetunnistus in animals is the mirror self-recognition test. In this test, an animal is marked with a harmless, odorless substance on a part of its body that it cannot see directly, such as its forehead or ear. The animal is then placed in front of a mirror. If the animal touches or investigates the mark on its own body while looking in the mirror, it is considered to have passed the test, indicating that it understands the reflection is of itself.

While humans typically develop self-recognition early in infancy, around 18 to 24 months, the ability has also been observed in a limited number of other species. These include great apes (chimpanzees, orangutans, gorillas), dolphins, elephants, magpies, and even some ants. The presence of itsetunnistus in such diverse species suggests that it may have evolved independently multiple times.

The development of itsetunnistus is linked to the maturation of specific brain regions, particularly those involved in self-processing and sensory integration. Beyond the mirror test, evidence for self-awareness can also be inferred from behaviors such as the use of personal names, the ability to plan for the future, and complex social cognition. The study of itsetunnistus continues to shed light on the evolution of consciousness and the cognitive capacities of different species.