itsesensuuri

Itsesensuuri (self-censorship) refers to the voluntary suppression or alteration of speech, writing, or other expression due to anticipated personal, professional, legal, economic, or social consequences, rather than direct coercion by authorities. In Finnish usage and in media studies, the term highlights how actors in journalism, publishing, broadcasting, academia, and online platforms may refrain from tackling certain topics or presenting critical viewpoints to avoid sanctions, damage to reputation, or loss of audiences and funding.

The practice arises from a mix of factors: concerns about legal liability, advertiser or sponsor pressures, workplace norms, fear of online harassment, or moderation policies that narrow permissible discourse. It can occur before publication, through edits and tone changes, or after publication as responses to feedback. Itsesensuuri is often described as a chilling effect, since the expectation of punishment reduces the range of legitimate discussion even when no formal rule is violated.

Scholars emphasize that itsesensuuri interacts with formal censorship, policy debates, and power structures. Proponents may argue it reduces harm or prevents defamatory or dangerous content, while critics view it as a threat to transparency and democratic accountability. Empirical work typically uses surveys, content analyses, or case studies to gauge prevalence and drivers, noting regional and sectoral differences.

See also: censorship, freedom of expression, media ethics, chilling effect.