isotopanalyse

Isotopanalyse, also known as isotope analysis, is a scientific technique used to measure the relative and absolute concentrations of specific isotopes within a sample. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in their number of neutrons, and consequently, their atomic masses. This method provides valuable insights across various fields such as geology, archaeology, environmental science, biology, and medicine.

The primary purpose of isotopanalyse is to understand processes and origins by examining isotope ratios. For example, in geology, it aids in dating rocks and minerals through radiometric dating techniques. In archaeology, isotope analysis can help determine the geographic origins and diets of ancient humans and animals. Environmental scientists utilize isotopic data to trace pollution sources or monitor climate change impacts, while biologists study metabolic pathways and migration patterns in animals.

Commonly analyzed isotopic systems include stable isotopes like carbon-13 (C-13), nitrogen-15 (N-15), oxygen-18 (O-18), and hydrogen isotopes, as well as radioactive isotopes such as uranium-238 (U-238) and carbon-14 (C-14). The analysis typically involves mass spectrometry techniques, such as isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), which accurately measure isotope ratios in samples.

Isotopanalyse has become a vital tool for reconstructing environmental histories, understanding biological processes, and supporting forensic investigations. Continuous advancements in analytical technology continue to enhance its precision, applicability, and scope across scientific disciplines.