interpersonalnej

Interpersonal refers to interactions, relationships, and communication between people. In psychology, sociology, education, management, and counseling, the concept describes processes, skills, and dynamics that occur in social exchanges. The term is commonly used in Polish as relacje interpersonalne and kompetencje interpersonalne, and in inflected form such as interpersonalnej in grammatic cases of feminine nouns.

Key components include effective interpersonal communication (clear expression, active listening, feedback), empathy and affective understanding, nonverbal communication (eye contact, posture, tone), conflict resolution and negotiation, collaboration and teamwork, and relationship maintenance. Interpersonal skills develop through experience and training, including coaching, mentoring, role-playing, and feedback. They are measured by self-assessment and peer or supervisor evaluation, sometimes via 360-degree feedback.

Applications span education, workplaces, healthcare, customer service, and social services. Strong interpersonal abilities support leadership, client relations, patient care, and conflict management; weaker skills can hinder cooperation and morale. Cross-cultural considerations matter, as norms around directness, politeness, hierarchy, and formality influence interpersonal exchanges.

Etymology: from Latin inter “between” and personalis “of a person,” the term emphasizes interactions among individuals rather than within a single person (intrapersonal). See also interpersonal communication, social skills, emotional intelligence, conflict resolution, teamwork.