interoceptief

Interoceptief refers to interoception, the process by which the nervous system senses, interprets and integrates signals originating from within the body. These signals reflect the physiological state of internal organs and tissues, such as the heart, lungs, gut and metabolism. Interoceptie is distinct from exteroceptie, or the perception of external stimuli.

Experts describe interoception as comprising multiple components. Interoceptive accuracy is the objective ability to detect internal signals (for example, heartbeat perception tasks). Interoceptive sensibility is the self-reported tendency to notice internal sensations, while interoceptive awareness refers to how well one’s confidence matches actual performance. Terms and measures vary across studies.

Neurally, the insular cortex is central to processing interoceptive signals, with additional contributions from the somatosensory cortex, anterior cingulate and brainstem. Interoception supports emotional experiences, subjective feeling states and the regulation of homeostasis.

Clinically, interoceptive processing can be altered in various conditions. Heightened interoceptive sensitivity or misinterpretation of internal cues is linked with anxiety and panic, while reduced interoceptive accuracy has been observed in some mood, eating and somatic disorders. Mindfulness and targeted training may improve awareness and regulation of internal states.

In research and practice, interoception is measured through physiological tasks (e.g., heartbeat tracking or discrimination) and self-report instruments (e.g., questionnaires on interoceptive awareness). The field continues to refine definitions, measurement methods and the implications for health and therapy.