intermission

An intermission, also called an interval in British English, is a break in a performance or event between acts. It is common in theatre, opera, dance, and many concerts, as well as long-stage presentations. The term derives from Latin intermissio, meaning a pause between parts of a performance. The break allows audience members to rest, stretch, use restrooms, and purchase refreshments, while the production crew conducts set changes, lighting adjustments, and costume changes as needed.

Intermissions typically last from 10 to 20 minutes in theatre and dance, and longer in opera. In some venues the interval is fixed, while others offer varied timings depending on the running time. In British usage the term interval is standard; in American usage intermission is more common.

Historically, intermissions arose to accommodate the physical demands of longer works and the logistical needs of elaborate staging. In opera and ballet, changes of scenery and costumes often require more time, making a longer interval customary. In modern cinema, intermissions have become rare for feature films, though some older or special events still include them, especially for long-running presentations.

In contemporary programming, intervals balance performance pacing with audience comfort and safety, and may include accessible seating arrangements, quiet spaces, and concessions. Critics sometimes argue that interruptions disrupt narrative flow, while proponents see them as a practical and social feature of large-scale performances.

See also: interval, curtain, encore.