interkalierte

Interkalierte is the German adjective meaning intercalated, used to describe materials that have undergone intercalation. In chemistry and materials science, intercalation is the reversible insertion of ions, molecules, or atoms into layered solids between their sheets, with only minor disruption to the host lattice. The products are called intercalates, and the adjective interkalierte is used in German literature to characterize them.

Intercalation commonly involves layered hosts such as graphite, transition metal dichalcogenides (for example MoS2 and TiS2), layered oxides, and clays or layered double hydroxides. Intercalants can be alkali or alkaline earth metals (like Li, Na, K), inorganic anions (such as ClO4−, SO4^2−), water, as well as organic molecules or polymers. The process often expands the interlayer spacing and can proceed in distinct stages (for example stage I, stage II), affecting electronic, optical, and structural properties.

Properties and implications include charge transfer between host and intercalant, changes in electrical conductivity, and possible electrochromic or catalytic activity. Intercalation can be reversible, allowing cycling between intercalated and deintercalated states, which is central to applications in energy storage and electrochemistry, as well as in catalysis and environmental remediation.

Applications span energy storage (lithium and sodium intercalation in graphite and layered oxides for rechargeable batteries), electrochromic devices, and various catalytic and sensor technologies. Synthesis methods include chemical insertion from solution and electrochemical intercalation, with characterization typically performed by X-ray diffraction to monitor layer spacing, as well as Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and electrochemical testing.

Note: in English-language literature, the term intercalated is standard; interkalierte is the German equivalent used in corresponding texts.