incontinen

Incontinen is the term for involuntary loss of control over urinary and/or bowel function. It is a symptom, not a disease, and can affect urine (urinary incontinence), stool (fecal incontinence), or both.

Urinary incontinence (UI) includes stress, urge, mixed, and overflow patterns. Fecal incontinence (FI) refers to involuntary stool leakage and may range from occasional leakage to frequent accidents.

Causes and risk factors vary by type. UI may arise from pelvic floor weakness, bladder overactivity, nerve injury, hormonal changes, or procedures such as prostate surgery. FI can result from sphincter damage, neuropathy, chronic constipation or diarrhea, inflammatory conditions, or neurological disorders. Age, obesity, smoking, pregnancy, and certain medications can increase risk for both.

Diagnosis typically begins with medical history and physical examination, followed by tests to exclude other conditions. Urinalysis assesses infection or other urinary issues. Bladder diaries and physical tests help characterize UI, while urodynamic studies may be used for complex cases. For FI, anorectal manometry and specialized imaging or endoscopy may be employed.

Management is individualized and may combine lifestyle modifications, pelvic floor exercises, bladder training, and protective products. Medications can address bladder overactivity or stool consistency. When conservative measures fail, options include minimally invasive procedures (such as bulking agents or neuromodulation) or surgical repair for selected cases of UI or FI.

Impact on quality of life can be substantial, affecting social participation and mental well-being. Many individuals delay seeking care, but effective treatments are available. Early discussion with a healthcare provider can help identify suitable options.