impulssisähköjä

Impulssisähköjä, also known as impulse voltages or transient voltages, are short-duration voltage disturbances that can occur in electrical systems. These are characterized by their rapid rise and fall in voltage, often lasting only a few microseconds. Impulssisähköjä can be caused by various phenomena, including lightning strikes, switching operations in power grids, and electrostatic discharge.

Lightning is a significant source of impulse voltages. When lightning strikes a power line or nearby structure, it can induce extremely high voltage surges that propagate through the system. These surges can travel long distances and pose a threat to electrical equipment.

Switching operations, such as the opening or closing of circuit breakers, can also generate impulse voltages. The sudden interruption or establishment of current flow can create oscillations and transients in the system. While generally less severe than lightning-induced surges, these can still damage sensitive electronic components.

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is another common cause, particularly in electronics manufacturing and handling. When a charged object comes into contact with a conductive surface, a rapid discharge of electricity occurs, creating a transient voltage.

The effects of impulse voltages on electrical equipment can range from minor malfunctions to complete destruction. They can stress insulation, leading to premature aging and failure. Sensitive electronic components, such as microprocessors and transistors, are particularly vulnerable to damage from these sudden voltage spikes. Protection measures, such as surge arresters and voltage suppressors, are employed to mitigate the impact of impulse voltages and safeguard electrical systems and their components.