impertinence

Impertinence refers to behavior or remarks that are presumptuously bold, rude, or irrelevant to the matter at hand. In everyday language it denotes a lack of proper respect toward others, especially toward persons in authority or social norms of politeness. It can also describe questions or interruptions that are inappropriate or intrusive.

From Old French impertinent, via Latin impertinens “not pertaining,” from in- “not” + pertinere “to pertain,” the word originally meant “not pertaining” or “irrelevant” and was used to describe remarks that did not concern the matter. The sense later broadened to include insolence and impudence, i.e., bold, disrespectful behavior or speech.

In social use, impertinence is generally disapproved, though the degree of tolerance varies by culture and context. A person who interrupts or questions authority with little regard for propriety may be described as impertinent. In law and formal discourse, impertinent questions or remarks are typically deemed improper and may be disregarded by a judge or examiner.

In literature and rhetoric, impertinence can function as a device or a critique of power, ranging from playful banter to satirical confrontation.

See also: insolence, impudence, irrelevance, pertinence.