immunosenesenssi

Immunosenescence refers to the age-related decline in immune system function. This gradual deterioration affects both the innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, reduced vaccine efficacy, and a higher risk of developing chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Key features of immunosenescence include alterations in the number and function of various immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells. For instance, T cell populations often show a decrease in naive cells and an accumulation of memory or terminally differentiated cells, which may be less responsive to new antigens. Similarly, B cell diversity can diminish, impacting antibody production. Chronic low-grade inflammation, often termed "inflammaging," is also closely linked to immunosenescence and contributes to a pro-inflammatory state that exacerbates age-related conditions. This complex process is influenced by a combination of genetic factors, environmental exposures, and lifestyle. Understanding immunosenescence is crucial for developing strategies to enhance immune health in older adults and mitigate age-related diseases.