immunodefitsentsides

Immunodeficiency diseases, also known as immunodeficiencies, are conditions that weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and certain cancers. The immune system's role is to defend the body against pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. When this system is compromised, it struggles to perform this vital function.

Immunodeficiencies can be broadly categorized into two main types: primary and secondary. Primary immunodeficiencies are inherited genetic disorders that affect the development or function of immune cells. These are often present from birth, although some may not manifest until later in life. Examples include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA).

Secondary immunodeficiencies, on the other hand, are acquired later in life due to external factors. These can result from infections (such as HIV/AIDS), malnutrition, certain medications (like chemotherapy drugs or immunosuppressants used after organ transplantation), chronic diseases (like diabetes or kidney disease), or aging. Unlike primary immunodeficiencies, secondary ones can potentially be treated or managed by addressing the underlying cause.

Symptoms of immunodeficiency can vary widely depending on the specific condition and the part of the immune system that is affected. Common signs include recurrent, severe, or persistent infections that are difficult to treat, slow healing of wounds, and an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, such as blood counts and specific immune function assays. Treatment aims to manage infections, prevent further complications, and, in some cases, restore immune function through therapies like immunoglobulin replacement or bone marrow transplantation.