immunoassayokkal

Immunoassayokkal is the Hungarian-language term meaning “with immunoassays” and is used in scientific writing to indicate that a procedure, study, or assay employs immunoassay techniques. In English-language sources, the concept is described simply as immunoassays; the term immunoassayokkal does not denote a separate technology but a linguistic expression of using immunoassays.

An immunoassay is a biochemical test that detects and measures an analyte by exploiting specific antigen–antibody interactions. A typical immunoassay couples the binding event to a detectable signal, which may come from an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, a radiolabel, fluorescence, or chemiluminescence. Formats vary in how the analyte is captured and how the signal is produced.

Common formats include sandwich immunoassays, where a capture antibody binds the analyte and a labeled detection antibody provides signal; and competitive immunoassays, where the analyte competes with a labeled analog for antibody binding. Detection methods include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), radioimmunoassays, and modern fluorescence- or chemiluminescence-based assays. Lateral flow immunoassays enable rapid, point-of-care testing, while multiplex platforms measure several analytes simultaneously.

Immunoassays are widely used in clinical diagnostics for hormones, drugs, infectious disease markers, and protein biomarkers; in environmental, food-safety, and veterinary testing; and in research and bioprocess monitoring. They offer high sensitivity and specificity but rely on well-characterized antibodies and careful validation. Limitations include potential cross-reactivity, matrix effects, and the need for appropriate instrumentation.