hüperglükeemiale

Hüperglükeemiale is a term used in some languages to denote hyperglycemia, the condition characterized by higher-than-normal concentrations of glucose in the blood. Hyperglycemia is most commonly associated with diabetes mellitus but can occur in response to illness, stress, certain medications, or pancreatic disorders.

Diagnosis is based on glucose measurements. Diagnostic thresholds commonly used include fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or higher, a 2-hour plasma glucose of 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) during an oral glucose tolerance test, or a random plasma glucose of 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) with diabetes symptoms. Values and criteria may vary by guidelines and country.

Causes and risk factors include insulin deficiency or resistance (as in type 1 and type 2 diabetes), reduced insulin production during illness, medications such as steroids, infections, hormonal disorders, and obesity. Chronic hyperglycemia contributes to vascular complications; acute spikes can precipitate emergencies.

Symptoms may include increased thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), fatigue, blurred vision, and weight loss. In severe cases, hyperglycemia can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, diabetic ketoacidosis, or the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.

Management depends on the cause and severity. Mild hyperglycemia may be managed with lifestyle changes and glucose-lowering medications; significant elevations or crises require medical care, often including intravenous fluids, electrolyte correction, and insulin. Prevention focuses on adherence to diabetes treatment, regular glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, and prompt treatment of infections or other stressors.