hypotensionrelated

Hypotension-related refers to conditions and symptoms that arise from abnormally low blood pressure. Hypotension is commonly defined as a systolic blood pressure around 90 mmHg or less, or a diastolic pressure of 60 mmHg or less, but clinical concern depends on symptoms, stability, and underlying disease.

Common forms include orthostatic (postural) hypotension, neurally mediated hypotension such as vasovagal syncope, and postprandial hypotension. Hypotension can also result from volume depletion (dehydration or bleeding) or distributive states such as sepsis, and it may occur as a feature of chronic conditions or during certain medical treatments.

Causes are diverse and include dehydration, significant blood loss, infections, and medications that lower blood pressure (for example, antihypertensives, diuretics, nitrates, or alpha blockers). Endocrine disorders (adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism), heart conditions (arrhythmias, heart failure), pregnancy, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction can also contribute.

Symptoms range from lightheadedness, dizziness, and fainting to fatigue or blurred vision. Orthostatic hypotension produces symptoms after standing or after meals. In severe cases, there may be confusion, pallor, or chest discomfort.

Diagnosis involves measuring blood pressure in multiple positions (supine, seated, standing) to identify orthostatic drops. Additional tests may include blood work, electrocardiography, and imaging to determine volume status and underlying causes.

Management targets the cause and may include fluid administration for dehydration, adjustment of contributing medications, compression stockings, and physical counter-maneuvers. Severe or persistent hypotension may require hospital care and, in some cases, vasopressor therapy. Prognosis varies with the underlying condition and the risk of complications such as falls or organ hypoperfusion. Prevention emphasizes gradual position changes, adequate hydration, and management of chronic illnesses.