hypopnoék

Hypopnoea is a condition characterized by periods of shallow breathing or a significant reduction in airflow during sleep. It is distinct from apnoea, where breathing completely stops. During a hypopneic event, the airway narrows, but does not fully collapse, leading to a decrease in the amount of oxygen taken in by the body. This reduction in airflow is typically measured as at least a 30% decrease for 10 seconds or longer, accompanied by a 4% or greater drop in blood oxygen saturation, or any decrease in airflow accompanied by arousals from sleep.

Hypopnoea is a key component in the diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing, particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). When hypopneic events occur frequently throughout the night, they can disrupt sleep architecture, leading to fragmented sleep and daytime sleepiness. Individuals experiencing hypopnoea may not be aware of these breathing pauses, often attributing their symptoms to general fatigue. Symptoms can include loud snoring, gasping for air during sleep, waking up feeling unrefreshed, and excessive daytime sleepiness.

The causes of hypopnoea are similar to those of obstructive sleep apnea, often involving the relaxation of throat muscles during sleep, which narrows the airway. Factors such as obesity, anatomical features of the airway, age, and gender can increase the risk. Diagnosis typically involves a sleep study (polysomnography), which monitors breathing patterns, oxygen levels, and brain activity during sleep. Treatment strategies aim to keep the airway open and can include lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss, and the use of devices like continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines.