hypoparathyroidiassa

Hypoparathyroidism, known in Swedish as hypoparathyroidiassa, is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by an inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH is essential for regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. The condition may be congenital or acquired, with the most common causes being surgical removal or damage to the parathyroid glands during neck surgery, autoimmune destruction, genetic defects affecting parathyroid development, or infiltrative diseases such as hemochromatosis.

The hallmark of the disease is hypocalcaemia, which manifests as muscle cramps, tingling in the fingers and toes, and in severe cases tetany or seizures. Patients may also experience a high serum phosphate level, dry skin, and dental problems due to low calcium. Chronic hypoparathyroidism can lead to cataracts, cardiac arrhythmias, and calcification of soft tissues.

Diagnosis is based on laboratory findings: low serum calcium, high serum phosphate, and inappropriately low or normal PTH levels. Imaging studies, such as neck ultrasound, can help locate parathyroid glands. Treatment focuses on restoring calcium balance through oral calcium supplements and active vitamin D analogues like calcitriol. In some patients, recombinant PTH may be used. Regular monitoring of calcium and phosphate, along with lifestyle modifications, is essential for preventing complications. Prognosis improves with prompt diagnosis and consistent management, although long‑term complications may still occur.