hypokalaemia

Hypokalaemia, also known as low potassium, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally low level of potassium in the bloodstream. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a vital role in nerve and muscle function, including maintaining a regular heart rhythm. When potassium levels drop too low, it can disrupt these crucial bodily processes.

Common causes of hypokalaemia include excessive loss of potassium through the kidneys or gastrointestinal tract. Diuretic medications, often prescribed for conditions like high blood pressure or heart failure, are a frequent cause of potassium loss. Vomiting, diarrhea, and certain hormonal disorders can also lead to decreased potassium levels. Inadequate dietary intake of potassium is a less common cause in otherwise healthy individuals.

The symptoms of hypokalaemia can vary depending on the severity of the potassium deficiency. Mild cases may be asymptomatic. However, more significant reductions can lead to muscle weakness, fatigue, cramps, and even paralysis. Cardiac arrhythmias, or irregular heartbeats, are a serious complication of hypokalaemia and can be life-threatening.

Diagnosis is typically made through a blood test that measures serum potassium levels. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and replenishing potassium levels. This may involve dietary changes to increase potassium intake, oral potassium supplements, or intravenous potassium administration in severe cases. Prompt recognition and management are important to prevent potentially serious complications.