hypohidrotic

Hypohidrotic is an adjective used in medical contexts to describe reduced sweating or diminished function of sweat glands. It is most commonly encountered in reference to hypohidrosis, a condition in which sweating is decreased or absent, which can impair the body's ability to regulate temperature.

The term is also associated with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), a group of inherited disorders collectively characterized by hypohidrosis, sparse hair (hypotrichosis), and missing or malformed teeth (hypodontia or anodontia). HED is part of the broader ectodermal dysplasia spectrum, which affects structures derived from the embryonic ectoderm, including skin, hair, teeth, and nails. In HED, sweating is reduced or absent, leading to heat intolerance and risk of overheating, especially in warm environments or during exercise.

Genetically, HED most commonly results from mutations in the EDA gene, which causes X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner. Autosomal forms exist as well, involving autosomal genes such as EDAR and EDARADD with dominant or recessive inheritance patterns. The condition is typically diagnosed based on clinical features, with confirmatory genetic testing and sometimes specialized tests of sweat production.

Management focuses on preventing overheating and addressing ectodermal features. Strategies include environmental temperature control, adequate hydration, skin moisturization, dental care and prosthetics as needed, and ongoing multidisciplinary care. Genetic counseling is advised for families. While there is no cure, most affected individuals can lead normal lives with appropriate supportive treatment and precautions.