hypertykalémie

Hypertykalémie is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, particularly the heart muscle. When potassium levels exceed the normal range, it can disrupt these functions, leading to a variety of symptoms.

The most common causes of hypertykalémie include kidney dysfunction, as the kidneys are responsible for excreting excess potassium from the body. Other contributing factors can be certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, potassium-sparing diuretics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Additionally, conditions like Addison's disease, rhabdomyolysis (the breakdown of muscle tissue), and severe infections can also lead to elevated potassium levels.

Symptoms of hypertykalémie can range from mild to severe and may include muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and abnormal heart rhythms. In severe cases, hypertykalémie can cause cardiac arrest. Diagnosis is typically made through a blood test that measures serum potassium levels.

Treatment for hypertykalémie depends on the severity of the condition and its underlying cause. Mild cases may be managed by restricting dietary potassium intake and discontinuing offending medications. More severe cases may require immediate medical intervention, such as the administration of medications to shift potassium into cells, or even dialysis to remove excess potassium from the blood. Prompt identification and treatment are vital to prevent serious complications.